Simple Past Tense: Pada pelajaran ini, sobat akan belajar rumus simple past tense dan bagaimana merubah kalimat simple past tense ke dalam bentuk positif (+), negatif (–) & kalimat tanya (?). Untuk memperdalam materi, Superonlline.com juga menyediakan beberapa contoh kalimat simple past tense serta soal latihan tentang past tense.
Sebelum kita membahas rumus dan contoh kalimat simple past tense, ada baiknya kita berkenalan dulu dengan apa itu simple past tense?
Simple past tense adalah tenses yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan suatu kegiatan, kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi di waktu lampau.
Nah, waktu lampau disini maksud nya telah terjadi sebelum waktu saat ini.
Misalnya: tiga detik yang lalu, satu jam yang lalu, kemarin, 2 hari yang lalu, dsb.
Ciri-Ciri Simple Past Tense:
- Menggunakan kata kerja bentuk ke-2 (Verb-2)
- Menggunakan verb to be (Was & Were)
- Menggunakan keterangan waktu lampau
Jenis Simple Past Tense
Terdapat dua jenis kalimat simple past tense yaitu Verbal & Non Verbal atau Nominal. Banyak pelajar masih bingung dengan kedua istilah tersebut.
Gampangnya seperti ini: Kalimat verbal yaitu kalimat yang menggunakan kata kerja, sementara kalimat non verbal atau juga sering di sebut nominal adalah kalimat tanpa kata kerja.
Contoh:
Saya mencuci baju kemarin pagi. (Verbal)
Saya sakit 3 hari yang lalu. (Non Verbal)
Sampai sini sudah jelas ya perbedaan kalimat verbal & non verbal.
Okay, yuk lanjut!
Kapan kita menggunakan Simple Past Tense?
Simple past tense digunakan untuk:
- Menjelaskan suatu perbuatan, kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi dan berakhir di waktu lampau
- Menjelaskan suatu perbuatan, kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi di waktu yang spesifik. Misalnya: Tahun lalu, satu jam yang lalu, minggu kemarin, dsb.
- Menjelaskan suatu perbuatan, kejadian atau peristiwa yang di lakukan secara berulang di waktu lampau. Contoh: Saya pergi ke pasar setiap hari bulan kemarin. Setiap hari menjelaskan tindakan secara berulang, dan bulan kemarin menjelaskan waktu lampau (sudah terjadi).
BACA JUGA:
- 10 Percakapan Bahasa Inggris 2 Orang Di Sekolah
- 50+ Contoh Percakapan Bahasa Inggris & Artinya [Tema Lengkap]
- 50+ Puisi Bahasa Inggris & Artinya
- Contoh Cerpen Bahasa Inggris & Artinya
1. Rumus Simple Past Tense (Verbal)
Jika sebelum nya kita sudah belajar mengenai Simple Present Tense, kali ini Superonlline.com akan membahas tentang Simple Past Tense. Jika sobat belum belajar apa itu simple present tense, Superonlline.com sarankan untuk membaca terlebih dahulu tentang simple present tense sebelum melanjutkan ke pelajaran simple past tense.
Dalam membuat kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris, sama saja seperti membuat kalimat dalam bahasa Indonesia. Hanya saja, pembentukan kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris memiliki aturan yang berbeda dengan kalimat dalam bahasa Indonesia.
A. Rumus Simple Past Tense Dalam Bentuk Positive (+)
Kalimat simple past tense dalam bentuk positif tidak jauh berbeda dengan kalimat simple present tense, hanya saja simple past tense menggunakan kata kerja bentuk kedua (Verb-2) dan di ikuti dengan keterangan waktu lampau.
Rumus: S + V2 + O + Adverb of Time
Untuk lebih jelasnya, yuk kita lihat contoh kalimat simple present tense di bawah ini:
Subject | Verb 2 | Object | Adverb of Time |
I | went | to England | last year |
You | came | here | yesterday |
We | ate | rice at restaurant | two hours ago |
They | invited | us | last month |
He | bought | some books | yesterday afternoon |
She | swept | the floor | this morning |
It (Dog) | ran | to the forest | yesterday |
Seperti yang kita lihat dalam tabel diatas, kata kerja yang digunakan adalah kata kerja dalam bentuk ke-2.
Went (V2) dari kata Go (V1), Came (V2) dari come (V1), Ate (V2) dari Eat (V1) dsb.
Untuk menguasai simple past tense kita harus hafal kata kerja dalam bentuk ke-1, ke-2 dan ke-3 (akan digunakan untuk tense perfect tense).
B. Rumus Simple Past Tense Dalam Bentuk Negative (-)
Untuk membuat kalimat negatif, kita hanya menambahkan did not atau di singkat didn’t setelah subject, dan merubah kata kerja ke dalam bentuk kata kerja ke-1 (Verb-1).
Catatan: Kata kerja ke-2 (verb-1) hanya digunakan untuk kalimat positif.
Rumus: S + Didn’t + Verb-1 + Object + Adverb of Time
Subject | Didn’t | Verb – 1 | Object | Adverb of Time |
I | didn’t | go | to England | last year |
You | didn’t | come | here | yesterday |
We | didn’t | eat | rice at restaurant | two hours ago |
They | didn’t | invite | us | last month |
He | didn’t | buy | some books | yesterday afternoon |
She | didn’t | sweep | the floor | this morning |
It (Dog) | didn’t | run | to the forest | yesterday |
Jika tadi pada kalimat positif kita menggunakan verb-2, pada kalimat negatif kita rubah verb-2 ke verb-1 karena Didn’t merupakan verb-2 dari bentuk verb-1 Don’t.
Catatan: Untuk semua subject dalam simple past tense, kita menggunakan did atau didn’t. Berbeda dengan simple present tense “Does” dipakai untuk orang ketiga tunggal (He, She & It) dan “Do” dipakai untuk subjek (I, You, We & They)
C. Rumus Simple Past Tense Dalam Bentuk Interrogative (?)
Untuk membuat kalimat simple past tense dalam bentuk kalimat tanya (interrogative), kita cukup “Did” sebelum subject dan menambahkan tanda (?) di akhir kalimat.
Rumus: Did + S + V-1 + O + Adverb of Time
Did | Subject | V-1 | Object | Adverb of Time |
Did | I | go | to England | last year? |
Did | You | come | here | yesterday? |
Did | We | eat | rice at restaurant | two hours ago? |
Did | They | invite | us | last month? |
Did | He | buy | some books | yesterday afternoon? |
Did | She | sweep | the floor | this morning? |
Did | It (Dog) | run | to the forest | yesterday? |
D. YES & No Answer
Untuk menjawab YES/NO questions kita bisa menggunakan 2 versi yaitu versi singkat & versi panjang.
Yuk, kita lihat cara menjawab pertanyaan nya di bawah ini.
Short Answer | Long Answer |
Yes, You did | Yes, You went to England last year |
No, You didn’t | No, You didn’t go to England last year |
Yes, I did | Yes, I came here yesterday |
No, I didn’t | No, I didn’t come here yesterday |
Yes, We did | Yes, We ate rice at restaurant two hours ago |
No, We didn’t | No, We didn’t eat rice at restaurant two hours ago |
Yes, They did | Yes, They invited us last month |
No, They didn’t | No, They didn’t invite us last month |
Yes, He did | Yes, He bought some books yesterday afternoon |
No, He didn’t | No, He didn’t buy some books yesterday afternoon |
Yes, She did | Yes, She swept the floor this morning |
No, She didn’t | No, She didn’t sweep the floor this morning |
Yes, The dog did | Yes, The dog ran to the forest yesterday |
No, The dog didn’t | No, The dog didn’t run to the forest yesterday |
Regular Verb (Kata Kerja Beraturan) & Irregular Verb (Kata Kerja Tak Beraturan)
Mengingat kata kerja pada tenses simple past menggunakan kata kerja dalam bentuk ke-2 (Verb2), sekiranya perlu sobat mengetahui regular verb and irregular verb sehingga tidak salah dalam membuat kalimat simple past karena tidak semua kata kerja verb 2 berakhiran -ed.
Berikut Superonlline.com sajikan beberapa regular & irregular verb sebagai referensi tambahan. Untuk list yang lebih lengkap, silahkan sobat googling.
Regular Verb (Kata Kerja Beraturan)
Verb 1 (Present Tense) | Verb 2 (Past Tense) | Verb 3 (Past Participle) | Meaning |
Abolish | Abolished | Abolished | Menghapuskan |
Accompany | Accompanied | Accompanied | Menemani |
Adjust | Adjusted | Adjusted | Menyetel |
Admire | Admired | Admired | Mengagumi |
Advise | Advised | Advised | Menasihati |
Arrive | Arrived | Arrived | Tiba |
Arrange | Arranged | Arranged | Menyusun |
Borrow | Borrowed | Borrowed | Meminjam |
Bother | Bothered | Bothered | Mengganggu |
Call | Called | Called | Menelpon, Memanggil |
Disturb | Disturbed | Disturbed | Mengganggu |
Visit | Visited | Visited | Berkunjung, Mengunjungi |
Examine | Examined | Examined | Menguji |
Finish | Finished | Finished | Menyelesaikan |
Invite | Invited | Invited | Mengundang |
Irregular Verb (Kata Kerja Tak Beraturan)
Verb 1 (Present Tense) | Verb 2 (Past Tense) | Verb 3 (Past Pariciple) | Meaning |
Arise | Arose | Arisen | Terbit |
Bite | Bit | Bitten | Menggigit |
Buy | Bought | Bought | Membeli |
Bind | Bound | Bound | Mengikat |
Bring | Brought | Brought | Membawa |
Catch | Caught | Caught | Menangkap |
Come | Came | Come | Datang |
Cut | Cut | Cut | Memotong |
Dig | Dug | Dug | Menggali |
Do | Did | Done | Melakukan |
Drink | Drank | Drunk | Minum |
Drive | Drove | Driven | Mengendarai |
Eat | Ate | Eaten | Makan |
Fall | Fell | Fallen | Jatuh |
Forget | Forgot | Forgotten | Melupakan |
2. Rumus Simple Past Tense (Non Verbal)
Simple past tense menggunakan Was & Were digunakan untuk menunjukkan keberadaan suatu entitas (orang, objek, abstraksi) atau untuk menghubungkan suatu entitas dengan kualitas atau karakteristiknya.
Apabila dalam PAST TENSE tidak terdapat kata kerjannya, maka kita harus menggunakan “ WAS dan WERE”. WAS untuk subyek I, He, She, & It, sedangkan WERE untuk subyek You, They, & We.
A. Rumus Kalimat Positif
Rumus: S + Was/Were + Adjective/Noun/Adverb + Adverb of Time (Past)
Subject | Was/Were | Adjective/Noun/Adverb | Adverb of Time (Past) |
I | was | sick | last month |
He | was | a president | fiver years ago |
She | was | in west Kalimantan | last holiday |
It | was | hot | yesterday |
You | were | a student | last year |
We | were | in the beach | last Sunday |
They | were | happy | two days ago |
B. Rumus Kalimat Negatif
Rumus: S + Was/Were + Not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb + Adverb of Time (Past)
Subject | Was/Were | Not | Adjective/Noun/Adverb | Adverb of Time (Past) |
I | was | not | sick | last month |
He | was | not | a president | five years ago |
She | was | not | in west Kalimantan | last holiday |
It | was | not | hot | yesterday |
You | were | not | a student | last year |
We | were | not | in the beach | last Sunday |
They | were | not | happy | two days ago |
C. Rumus Kalimat Interogatif
Rumus: Was/Were + Subject + Adjective/Noun/Adverb + Adverb of Time (Past)
Was/Were | Subject | Adjective/Noun/Adverb | Adverb of Time (Past) |
Was | I | sick | last month? |
Was | He | a president | five years ago? |
Was | She | in west Kalimantan | last holiday? |
Was | It | hot | yesterday? |
Were | You | a student | last year? |
Were | We | in the beach | last Sunday? |
Were | They | happy | two days ago? |
D. Yes & No Answer
Setelah mengerti cara membuat kalimat (+), (-) & (?), sekarang kita belajar bagaimana cara menjawab pertanyaan dari tabel “C” diatas.
Catatan: Ketika pertanyaan nya “YOU” maka kita jawab dengan “I” dan jika pertanyaan nya “I” kita jawab dengan “YOU“.
Misal pertanyaan nya seperti ini:
Was I…? Maka jawab nya Yes/No, You were/were not.
Were You…? Maka jawabnya Yes/No, I was/was not.
Jadi jangan sampai salah ya 🙂
Yuk, kita lihat table dibawah ini untuk menjawab pertanyaan di atas.
Short Answer | Long Answer |
Yes, You were | Yes, you were sick last month |
No, You weren’t | No, you weren’t sick last month |
Yes, He was | Yes, he was a president five years ago |
No, He wasn’t | No, he wasn’t a president five years ago |
Yes, She was | Yes, she was in west Kalimantan last holiday |
No, She wasn’t | No, she wasn’t in west Kalimantan last holiday |
Yes, It was | Yes, It was hot yesterday |
No, It wasn’t | No, It wasn’t hot yesterday |
Yes, I was | Yes, I was a student last year |
No, I wasn’t | No, I wasn’t a student last year |
Yes, We were | Yes, we were in the beach last Sunday |
No, We weren’t | No, we weren’t in the beach last Sunday |
Yes, They were | Yes, they were happy two days ago |
No, They weren’t | No, they weren’t happy two days ago. |
3. Contoh Kalimat Simple Past Tense
Bagaimana sampai disini? Masih bingung dengan apa itu simple past tense & kapan menggunakannya?
Baiklah, untuk memperdalam materi pelajaran, berikut Superonlline.com berikan beberapa contoh kalimat simple past tense dalam bentuk positif, negatif dan interogatif.
A. Contoh Kalimat Simple Past Tense Positif
Nah, kita sudah belajar dua jenis simple past tense. Pada contoh kalimat simple past tense dalam bentuk positif ini, bisakah sobat mengetahui mana kalimat verbal (menggunakan kata kerja) & kalimat non verbal (tanpa kata kerja) ?
Untuk membantu sobat membedakan mana kalimat verbal dan non verbal, sobat bisa gunakan kamus untuk mengetahui vocabulary yang belum sobat hapal.
- Nina & I were in the library yesterday.
- The monkey ate banana.
- My mother cooked fried rice this morning.
- John was handsome two years ago.
- My younger brother was at school yesterday.
- I wrote a letter to grandmother last week.
- We visited Dempo mount last weekend.
- She deleted my message last hour.
- They joined the group a few minutes ago.
- Noah was in Padang last September.
- I was here last year.
- Deni bought a new car a couple hours ago.
- My mother was a policewomen three months ago.
- The crocodile ate a zookeeper yesterday.
- She played volleyball every afternoon last month.
- We fished in the river once a week last year.
- Bambang was a football player.
- Rini worked at Permata Bank last month.
- Dina camped in Merbabu last week.
- My brother drove to uncle house 15 minutes ago.
B. Contoh Kalimat Simple Past Tense Negatif
Masih ingat rumus simple past tense dalam kalimat negatif?
Ya, kita cukup menambahkan not setelah did/was/were. Dan merubah kata kerja ke-2 (verb-2) ke dalam bentuk kata kerja pertama (Verb-1) pada kalimat verbal.
Tapi sebelum melanjutkan, apakah sobat sudah bisa membedakan kalimat verbal & non verbal dari contoh kalimat simple past tense diatas?
Jika IYA, selamat sobat sudah mulai faham mana kalimat verbal & non verbal. Dan tentunya tidak akan ada masalah dalam merubah kalimat positif diatas ke dalam kalimat negatif.
Yuk, kita rubah kalimat di atas menjadi kalimat dalam bentuk negatif.
- Nina & I weren’t in the library yesterday.
- The monkey didn’t eat banana.
- My mother didn’t cook fried rice this morning.
- John wasn’t handsome two years ago.
- My younger brother wasn’t at school yesterday.
- I didn’t write a letter to grandmother last week.
- We didn’t visit Dempo mount last weekend.
- She didn’t delete my message last hour.
- They didn’t join the group a few minutes ago.
- Noah wasn’t in Padang last September.
- I wasn’t here last year.
- Deni didn’t buy a new car a couple hours ago.
- My mother wasn’t a policewomen three months ago.
- The crocodile didn’t eat a zookeeper yesterday.
- She didn’t play volleyball every afternoon last month.
- We didn’t fish in the river once a week last year.
- Bambang wasn’t a football player.
- Rini didn’t work at Permata Bank last month.
- Dina didn’t camp in Merbabu last week.
- My brother didn’t drive to uncle house 15 minutes ago.
C. Contoh Kalimat Simple Past Tense Interogatif (Tanya)
Jika sobat sudah bisa membuat kalimat simple past tense dalam bentuk positive & negative, sekarang saatnya sobat melatih apa yang sudah dipelajari pada sesi sebelumnya dengan merubah kalimat tersebut dalam bentuk kalimat interrogative.
Untuk merubah kalimat positif kedalam kalimat negatif, sobat perlu meletakkan Did/Was/Were di awal kalimat dan menambahkan kata tanya (?) di akhir kalimat.
Yuk, kita rubah kalimat diatas kedalam bentuk kalimat tanya.
- Were Nina & I in the library yesterday?
- Did The monkey eat banana?
- Did My mother cook fried rice this morning?
- Was John handsome two years ago?
- Was My younger brother at school yesterday?
- Did I write a letter to grandmother last week?
- Did We visit Dempo mount last weekend?
- Did She delete my message last hour?
- Did They join the group a few minutes ago?
- Was Noah in Padang last September?
- Was I here last year?
- Did Deni buy a new car a couple hours ago?
- Was My mother a policewomen three months ago?
- Did The crocodile eat a zookeeper yesterday?
- Did She play volleyball every afternoon last month?
- Did We fish in the river once a week last year?
- Was Bambang a football player?
- Rini didn’t work at Permata Bank last month?
- Did Dina camp in Merbabu last week?
- Did My brother drive to uncle house 15 minutes ago.?
D. Contoh Kalimat Simple Past Tense Dengan Menggunakan Question Words.
Selain kalimat sederhana diatas, kita juga bisa mengembangkan kalimat simple past tense dengan menggunakan “Question Words” seperti where, what, when, whom, who, why & how.
A : Where did you go yesterday?
B : I went to school yesterday
A : What did she ate last night?
B : She ate rice last night
A : When did they swim?
B : They swam last Sunday
A : What time did they arrive here yesterday?
B : They arrived here at seven o’clock a.m yesterday
A : Whom did you call yesterday morning?
B : I called my friend yesterday morning
A : Who taught you English last year?
B : Mr. Anopri taught me English last year
A : With whom did they travel to Bali two weeks ago?
B : They traveled to Bali with their classmates two weeks ago
A : How did he come here yesterday?
B : He came here by plane yesterday
A : What day was yesterday?
B : Yesterday was Monday
A : What month was last month?
B : Last month was April
A : Where were you last night?
B : I was at home last night
A : When was she sick?
B : She was sick last week
A : Who was in the office yesterday?
B : Ani was in the office yesterday
A : What time were they at school yesterday ?
B : They were at school at half past six yesterday
A : With whom was he in the garden last Sunday?
B : He was in the garden with his family last Sunday
A : How was your mother last month?
B : She was fine last month
A : Why were you in the hospital last week?
B : Because I was ill
4. Contoh Soal Simple Past Tense
Contoh soal simple past tense berikut akan kita bagi menjadi 3 tipe contoh soal; Essay, Pilihan Ganda & Menyusun kalimat.
Diharapkan dengan adanya soal latihan ini sobat bisa mengukur sampai mana pengetahuan sobat tentang simple past tense yang sudah kita pelajari sebelumnya.
A. Essay
Rubahlah kalimat dibawah ini kedalam bentuk simple past tense.
- Apakah ayahmu dirumah tadi malam?
- Mereka tidak makan nasi kemarin
- Dia(pr) melihat kupu-kupu ditaman bunga kemarin
- Teman dekatku berada di Jawa Barat bulan lalu
- Apa yang kamu beli dipasar kemarin pagi?
- Dimana mereka menunggu kita kemarin?
- Dia (lk) memberi saya uang bulan lalu
- Saya tidak bertemu mereka disana tiga hari yang lalu
- Kami berdiri didepan toko itu lima menit yang lalu
- Siapa dirumahmu kemarin pagi?
B. Multiple Choice
Pilihlah jawaban yang tepat A, B. C atau D
She ……. some beautiful flowers for her friend yeaterday
a. Take
b. Taken
c. Took
d. Takes
2. My parents ….. at home when they ….. to my house last Sunday
a. Weren’t – came
b. Wasn’t – came
c. Weren’t – come
d. Wasn’t -come
3. He didn’t ….. car to his office
a. Drove
b. Drive
c. Driven
d. Drives
4. I ….. in a small island several years ago
a. Lived
b. Lives
c. Live
d. To live
5. They….. some interesting views in North Sumatera
a. See
b. Seen
c. Saw
d. Sees
6. It ……s too cold in the mountain last saturday
a. Was
b. Were
c. Is
d. Are
7. He ….. much coffee last night
a. Drink
b. Drunk
c. Drank
d. Drinks
8. Did she …..some fruits in the market this morning?
a. Buy
b. Bought
c. Buys
c. Sold
9. Where ….. your mother last Sunday ?
She was in the wedding party last Sunday
a. Did
b. Was
c. Were
d. Is
10. Who ….. them three days ago?
She did.
a. Forgive
b. Forgives
c. Forgave
d. Forgiven
C. Menyusun Kalimat
Susunlah kata-kata berikut ini menjadi kalimat yang benar.
- Visit – yesterday – didn’t – him – I
- Sick – I – last week – was
- Cut – where – you – last week – did – your hair?
- Were – they – not – yesterday – at home
- Drove – he – to market – car – last night
- Was – what time – he – yesterday – here ?
- Did – drink – what – she –this morning?
- Jakarta – last month – my mother – was – in
- Two nights ago – television – watched – we
- When – you – born – were – ?
5. Catatan Tambahan
Keterangan waktu yang digunakan dalam simple past tense:
Yesterday | kemarin |
Yesterday afternoon | kemarin sore |
Yesterday morning | kemarin pagi |
Yesterday night | kemarin malam |
Last….. | ….yang lalu |
Last night | tadi malam |
Last week | minggu lalu |
Last month | bulan lalu |
Last year | tahun lalu |
Last holiday | liburan yang lalu |
Last Monday | hari senin yang lalu |
…..ago | ….yang lalu |
Two days ago | dua hari yang lalu |
Three nights ago | tiga malam yang lalu |
Four weeks ago | empat minggu yang lalu |
Five months ago | lima bulanyang lalu |
Six years ago | enam tahun yang lalu |
Five minutes ago | lima menit yang lalu |
Two hours ago | dua jam yang lalu |
This morning | tadi pagi |
Last morning | tadi pagi |
The day before yesterday | kemarin lusa |
Akhir Kata
Itulah penjelasan simple past tense beserta contoh kalimat & soal latihan untuk membantu sobat menguasai simple past tense.
Diharapkan dengan adanya artikel ini bisa mencerahkan sobat bagaimana & kapan waktu yang tepat untuk menggunakan simple past tense.