16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris Lengkap Dengan Rumus & Contoh Kalimat

16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris lengkap dengan rumus, penggunaan dan contoh kalimat dalam bentuk positif, negatif dan interogatif serta tips memahami tenses tanpa menghafal.

Tenses adalah salah satu bagian dari Grammar yang sering kali membuat para pelajar bahasa Inggris bingung bagaimana & kapan harus menggunakannya. Untuk menguasai tenses, pelajar di tuntut untuk sering mempraktekkannya baik secara tertulis maupun lisan.

Jangan Berpikir Tenses Bahasa Inggris Itu Susah

Sebelum memulai belajar tenses bahasa Inggris, sobat harus tanamkan dalam hati bahwa tenses bahasa Inggris itu mudah. Jika sobat hanya membayangkan, dan kemudian memvonis bahwa belajar tenses itu susah, maka sobat akan sulit untuk menguasasi 16 tenses bahasa Inggris.

Kunci utama untuk belajar tenses itu cuma satu, yaitu waktu. Pahami kapan penggunaan past tense, present tense dan future tense.

Daftar Isi

Tips Menghafalkan Tenses Bahasa Inggris

Untuk menguasai tenses bahasa Inggris, ada baiknya pelajar menghafal tenses sederhana terlebih dahulu seperti simple past tense, simple present tense dan juga simple future tense. Jika sudah hafal, lanjutkan dengan tenses yang lebih rumit seperti past perfect, present perfect dan future perfect. Lihat tabel dibawah untuk urutan dari yang sederhana sampai ke tingkat yang lebih rumit.

Setelah menghafal, pelajar bisa melatih hafalan dengan merubah kalimat dari past ke present dan future dengan cara tertulis maupun lisan. Tidak ada trik ampuh selain mengingat & praktek.

Sebelum masuk ke penjelasan 16 tenses secara detail, yuk kita lihat sekilas perbedaan kalimat dalam 16 tenses bahasa Inggris berikut.

Past	Present	Future
Simple Past	Simple Present	Simple Future
I went to Bali	I go to Bali	I will go Bali
Past Perfect	Present Perfect	Future Perfect
I had gone to Bali	I have gone to Bali	I will have gone to Bali
Past Continuous	Present Continuous	Future Continuous
I was going to Bali	I am going to Bali	I will be going to Bali
Past Perfect Continuous	Present Perfect Continuous	Future Perfect Continuous
I had been going to Bali	I have been going to Bali	I will have been going to Bali

16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris

Berikut penjelasan lengkap ke 16 tenses dalam bahasa Inggris yang akan membantu pelajar memahami bentuk kalimat dan kapan tenses tersebut digunakan.

1. Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense digunakan untuk menceritakan kejadian atau peristiwa yang terjadi di waktu lampau.

Terdapat 2 jenis simple past tense yaitu:

Simple past tense (Verb)
Simple past tense (To be)

A. Simple Past Tense (Verb)

Simple past tense verb atau sering kita dengar simple past tense verbal adalah sebuah tenses yang di gunakan untuk menjelaskan suatu action yang terjadi di waktu lampau.

Rumus & Contoh Kalimat Simple Past Tense (Verb) :

1.Kalimat Postitif: S + V2 + O + Adverb of Time

I went to Jakarta last week.
She visited us yesterday.
They learned English last Sunday.

2. Kalimat Negatif: S + Did Not + V1 + O + Averb 0f Time

I didn’t go to Jakarta last week.
She didn’t visit us yesterday.
They didn’t learn English last Sunday.

3. Kalimat Interogatif : Did + S + O + Adverb of Time

Did I go to Jakarta last week?
Did she visit us yesterday?
Did they learn English last Sunday?

B. Simple Past Tense (To Be)

Simple past tense to be digunakan untuk menerangkan orang, tempat atau sesuatu yang abstrak.

Rumus & Contoh Kalimat Simple Past Tense (To Be)

1. Kalimat Positif

Rumus: S + Was/Were + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + Adverb of Time (Past)

I was in London three weeks ago.
They were friend last year.
She was so beautiful 10 years ago.

2. Kalimat Negatif

Rumus: S + Was/Were + Not + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + Adverb of Time (Past)

I was not in London three weeks ago.
They were not friend last year.
She was not so beautiful 10 years ago.

3. Kalimat Interogatif

Rumus: Was/Were + S + Noun/Adjective/Adverb + Adverb of Time (Past)

Was I in London three weeks ago?
Were they friend last year?
Was she beautiful 10 years ago?

Pelajari tentang Simple Past Tense lebih detail disini.

2. Simple Present Tense

Present simple tense digunakan untuk menjelaskan kegiatan sehari-hari atau aktifitas yang dilakukan secara berulang.

Terdapat 2 jenis simple present tense yaitu:

Simple Present Tense (Verb)
Simple Present Tense (To Be)

A. Simple Present Tense (Verb)

Rumus & Contoh Kalimat Simple Present Tense (Verb)

1. Kalimat Positif: S + V1 + S/Es + O + Adverb of Time

I study mathematics every Sunday
We go to the beach every weekend
My mother cleans the bathroom everyday.

2. Kalimat Negatif: S + Do/Does + Not + V1 + O + Adverb of Time

I don’t study mathematics every Sunday
We don’t go to the beach every weekend
My mother doesn’t clean the bathroom everyday.

3. Kalimat Interogatif: Do/Does + S + V1 + O + Adverb of Time

Do I study mathematics every Sunday?
Do we go to the beach every weekend?
Does my mother clean the bathroom everyday?

B. Simple Present Tense (To Be)

Simple present tense to be digunakan untuk menjelaskan suatu objek, orang atau sesuatu yang abstrak.

Rumus & Contoh Kalimat Simple Present Tense (To Be)

1. Kalimat Positif: S + Am/Is/Are + O + Adverb of Time

It is an apple.
She is sick now.
They are in the classroom.

2. Kalimat Negatif: S + Am/Is/Are + Not + O + Adverb of Time

It is not an apple.
She is not sick now.
They are not in the classroom.

3. Kalimat Interogatif: Am/Is/Are + S + O + Adverb of Time

Is it an apple?
Is she sick now?
Are the in the classroom?

Pelajari tentang Simple Present Tense lebih detail disini.

3. Simple Future Tense

Simple future tense digunakan untuk menjelaskan suatu perbuatan yang akan dikerjakan di masa yang akan datang.

Rumus & Contoh Kalimat Simple Future Tense

1. Kalimat Positif: S + Will + V1 + O + Adverb of Time (Future)

I will go to the library after school.
We will visit grandmother house tomorrow.
The exam will start tomorrow morning.

2. Kalimat Negatif: S + Will + Not + V1 + O + Adverb of Time (Future)

I will not go to the library after school.
We will not visit grandmother house tomorrow.
The exam will not start tomorrow morning.

3. Kalimat Interogatif: Will + S + V1 + O + Adverb of Time (Future)

Will I go to the library after school?
Will we visit grandmother house tomorrow?
Will the exam start tomorrow morning?

Pelajari tentang Simple Future Tense lebih mendalam disini.

4. Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense digunakan untuk menjelaskan suatu aksi yang telah terjadi di waktu lampau sebelum aksi lainnya terjadi.

Rumus & Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Tense

1. Kalimat Positif: S + Had + V3 + O

I had studied English.
She had died before the doctor came.
They had gone before I reach.

2. Kalimat Negatif: S + Had + Not + V3 + O

I hadn’t studied English.
She hadn’t died before the doctor came.
They hadn’t gone before I reach.

3. Kalimat Interogatif: Had + S + V3 + O

Had I studied English?
Had she died before the doctor came?
Had They gone before I reach?

Pelajari Past Perfect Tense lebih detail disini.

5. Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense digunakan menjelaskan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang telah selesai kita kerjakan / terjadi, namun tidak dititik beratkan pada keterangan waktunya.

Rumus & Contoh Kalimat Present Perfect Tense

1. Kalimat Positif: S + Have/Has + O + V3

I have studied English for six months.
We have lived in Jakarta since 1988.
She has left the city.

2. Kalimat Negatif: S + Have/Has + Not + O + V3

I haven’t studied English for six months.
We haven’t lived in Jakarta since 1988.
She hasn’t left the city.

3. Kalimat Interogatif: Have/Has + S + O + V3

Have I studied English for six months?
Have We lived in Jakarta since 1988?
Has She left the city.

Pelajari present perfect tense lebih detail disini.

BACA JUGA:

6. Future Perfect Tense

Future perfect tense di gunakan untuk menjelaskan suatu perbuatan atau aksi yang akan selesai sebelum waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.

Rumus & Contoh Kalimat Future Perfect Tense

1. Kalimat Positif: S + Will + Have + V3

The exam will have finished by 09.00 tomorrow.
They will have moved to London by the end of this week.
She will have graduated from University next year.

2. Kalimat Negatif: S + Will + Not + Have + V3

The exam will not have finished by 09.00 tomorrow.
They will not have moved to London by the end of this week.
She will not have graduated from University next year.

3. Kalimat Interogatif: Will + S + Have + V3

Will the exam have finished by 09.00 tomorrow?
Will they have moved to London by the end of this week?
Will she have graduated from University next year?

Pelajari future perfect tense lebih detail disini.

7. Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense menjelaskan suatu kegiatan atau aksi yang sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau.

Rumus & Contoh Kalimat Past Continuous Tense

1. Kalimat Positif: S + Was/Were + V.ing + O + Adverb of Time

I was studying at school yesterday.
We were playing football when she came to my house.
She was cooking two hours ago.

2. Kalimat Negatif: S + Was/Were + Not + V.ing + O + Adverb of Time

I was not studying at school yesterday.
We were not playing football when she came to my house.
She was not cooking two hours ago.

3. Kalimat Interogatif: Was/Were + S + V.ing + O + Adverb of Time

Was I studying at school yesterday?
Were we playing football when she came to my house?
Was she cooking two hours ago?

Pelajari tentang Past Continuous Tense lebih mendalam disini.

8. Present Continuous Tense

Present continuous tense menjelaskan suatu kegiatan atau aksi yang sedang berlangsung sekarang.

Rumus & Contoh Kalimat Present Continuous Tense

1. Kalimat Positif: S + Am/Is/Are + V.ing + O + Adverb of Time

I am playing guitar.
My mother is cooking in the kitchen.
She is writing a letter now.

2. Kalimat Negatif: S + Am/Is/Are + Not + V.ing + O + Adverb of Time

I am not playing guitar.
My mother is not cooking in the kitchen.
She is not writing a letter now.

3. Kalimat Interogatif Am/Is/Are + S + V.ing + O + Adverb of Time

Am I playing guitar?
Is my mother cooking in the kitchen?
Is she writing a letter now?

Pelajari tentang Present Continuous Tense lebih mendalam disini.

9. Future Continuous Tense

Future continuous tense digunakan untuk menjelaskan suatu aksi atau kegiatan yang akan sedang terjadi di masa yang akan datang.

Rumus & Contoh Kalimat Future Continuous Tense

1. Kalimat Positif: S + Will Be + V.ing + O + Adverb of Time

We will be going to the beach this afternoon.
She will be studying English at 10 a.m
I will be moving to a new house next month.

2. Kalimat Negatif: S + Will Be + V.ing + O + Adverb of Time

We will not be going to the beach this afternoon.
She will not be studying English at 10 a.m
I will not be moving to a new house next month.

3. Kalimat Interogatif: S + Will + Not + Be + V.ing + O + Adverb of Time

Will we be going to the beach this afternoon?
Will she be studying English at 10 a.m?
Will I be moving to a new house next month?

Pelajari tentang Future Continuous Tense lebih mendalam disini.

10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menjelaskan suatu aksi atau perbuatan yang telah sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau.

Rumus & Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Continuous Tense

1. Kalimat Positif: S + Had + Been + V.ing + O + Adverb of Time

I had been studying English for 15 minutes yesterday.
She had been working all afternoon.
My mother had been sweeping the floor.

2. Kalimat Negatif: S + Had + Not + Been + V.ing + O + Adverb of Time

I had not been studying English for 15 minutes yesterday.
She had not been working all afternoon.
My mother had not been sweeping the floor.

3. Kalimat Interogatif: Had + S + Been + V.ing + O + Adverb of Time

Had I been studying English for 15 minutes yesterday?
Had she been working all afternoon?
Had My mother been sweeping the floor?

Pelajari tentang Past Perfect Continuous Tense lebih mendalam disini.

11. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menjelaskan suatu perbuatan atau kegiatan yang dilakukan di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai sekarang.

Rumus & Contoh Kalimat Present Perfect Continuous Tense

1. Kalimat Poistif: S + Have/Has + Been + V.ing + O + Adverb of Time

She has been coming to school late recently.
They have been sleeping for 3 hours.
I have been waiting for you for 30 minutes.

2. Kalimat Negatif: S + Have/Has + Not + Been + V.ing + O + Adverb of Time

She has not been coming to school late recently.
They have not been sleeping for 3 hours.
I have not been waiting for you for 30 minutes.

3. Kalimat Interogatif: Have/Has + S + Been + V.ing + O + Adverb of Time

Has she been coming to school late recently?
Have they been sleeping for 3 hours?
Have I been waiting for you for 30 minutes?

Pelajari tentang Present Perfect Continuous Tense lebih mendalam disini.

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Future perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menjelaskan suatu kegiatan atau aksi yang akan sudah berlangsung di masa depan.

Rumus & Contoh Kalimat Future Perfect Continuous Tense

1. Kalimat Positif: S + Will + Have + Been + V.ing + O + Adverb of Time

I will have been studying in Cambridge University for 4 years by next month.
We will have been visiting our grandmother’s house for a month by the end of this year.
My mother will have been working at a new office by the end of this month.

2. Kalimat Negatif: S + Will + Not + Have + Been + V.ing + O + Adverb of Time

I will not have been studying in Cambridge University for 4 years by next month.
We will not have been visiting our grandmother’s house for a month by the end of this year.
My mother will not have been working at a new office by the end of this month.

3. Kalimat Interogatif: Will + S + Have + Been + V.ing + O + Adverb of Time

Will I have been studying in Cambridge University for 4 years by next month?
Will we have been visiting our grandmother’s house for a month by the end of this year?
Will my mother have been working at a new office by the end of this month?

Pelajari tentang Future Perfect Continuous Tense lebih mendalam disini.

Akhir Kata

Itulah beberapa rumus dan contoh kalimat dari 16 tenses bahasa Inggris. Diharapkan dengan adanya artikel ini, sobat bisa faham cara membuat kalimat berdasarkan tenses tersebut.

Rumus & Contoh Kalimat 16 Tenses Dalam Bahasa Inggris